The development of holistic face processing: an evaluation with the complete design of the composite task

The composite paradigm is widely used to quantify holistic processing (HP) of faces: participants perform a se- quential same-different task on one half (e.g., top) of a test-face relative to the corresponding half of a study-face. There is, however, debate regarding the appropriate design in this task. In the partial design, the irrelevant halves (e.g., bottom) of test- and study-faces are always different; an alignment effect indexes HP. In the complete design, besides alignment, congruency between the irrelevant and critical halves of the test-face is manipulated regarding the same/different response status of the study-face. The HP indexed in the complete design does not confound congruency and alignment and has good construct and convergent validities. De Heering, Houthuys, & Rossion (2007) argued that HP is mature as early as 4-year-olds but employed the partial design. Here we revisit this claim, testing four groups of 4- to 9/10 year-old children and two groups of adults. We found evidence of HP only from 6-year-olds on when considering the complete design, whereas significant alignment effects were found in the index adopted in the partial design already in 4-year-olds but which we demonstrate that reflects other factors besides HP, including response bias associated with congruency

Collective bargaining in Portugal: dynamic research and empirical results

Comunicação apresentada na 11th ESA conference "Crisis, Critique and Change", 28-31 agosto 2013, Turim, ItáliaFrom the conduct of this research work was intended to examine and reconstruct the processes of collective bargaining in Portugal, as well as changes that have occurred over the past few years - due to the changes that have happened in terms of professional relationships - which seem to reflect the changes occurring in terms of weight that some sectors have gained. Search also verify if the business models adopted have influenced the results or strategies that mobilize actors end up being more decisive than these models for content resulting from the negotiation. Collective bargaining as empirical object has a set of dimensions associated with him and that were analysed throughout this investigation. Firstly we consider the regulatory role that has since established a set of rules and principles for certain professional groups or sectors. The interview was one of the instruments used to collect information to support and realize the deeper aspects, and the target in this case were the key actors who play the central role in these processes and that sometimes may not be present or actors who have been present in particular situations during these processes, where the need for negotiation or process characteristics of the negotiators themselves have justified. The sectors that have served the purpose of this investigation were determined using three criteria: the contribution of each sector in total employment, the sector's exposure to international competition (competitive sectors, sectors sensitive) and organizational and technological modernization that these sectors have conducted or are conducting

Herausforderungen in der Ingenieurbiologie - vom Ingenieurbauwesen zum Ingenieurbau- und planungswissen

Análise dos desafios actuais e futuros da Engenharia Natural em termos do aprofundamento dos domínios técnicos e científicos desta especialidade. Considerações sobre a evolução dos conceitos ecológicos e de planeamento e sua implicação nos domínios de actuação da Engenharia Natural

Sustentabilidade - a dimensão da liberdade e das responsabilidade

É feito um balanço do processo de ordenamento do território em Portugal à luz do conceito de sustentabilidade com particular enfoque no território urban

Influence of galactomannan on the structure and thermal behaviour of xanthan/galactomannan mixtures

Mixed gels of xanthan gum and galactomannans (guar, whole and fractionated locust bean gum — LBG) were compared by means of oscillatory shear measurements. Whatever the LBG fraction, a synergistic maximum was observed when the ratio of xanthan to galactomannan was 1:1. However, the magnitude of this maximum varied with the LBG fraction used. The thermal behaviour of 1:1 xanthan/LBF fractions was characterized by cooling-heating cycles. A slight thermal hysteresis was systematically described for the several xanthan/LBG fraction systems. It was observed that the mannose to galactose (M/G) ratio of LBG fractions determined the sol-gel transition (gelation and melting temperature) of the xanthan/galactomannan mixed systems. From the galactomannan fine structure and thermorheological profiles it is evident that the higher the M/G ratio of galactomannan samples, the higher is the synergistic interaction as is also the transition temperature of the xanthan/LBG systems

New Construction and Reconstruction: Impact on Growth of Sub-Regions of Mainland Portugal

Based on a panel made up of 28 sub-regions (NUT III) of mainland Portugal for the period 1995-2006, we show that building reconstruction has a positive impact on the economic growth of sub-regions of mainland Portugal, whereas the effect of new construction seems to be of negligible importance. The empirical evidence obtained in this study lets us make suggestions on urban policy for countries in general, and for Portugal in particular, namely to concentrate on reconstruction rather than new buildings.construction of new buildings, dynamic panel estimators, economic growth, reconstruction of buildings, sub-regions

Technology adoption and the investment climate : firm-level evidence for Eastern Europe and Central Asia

The international diffusion of technology presents an opportunity for developing economies distant from the world technological frontier to reduce their income gap relative to advanced economies. It is therefore crucial to understand why, when faced with similar technological alternatives different firms in different countries choose to adopt different vintages of capital. This paper examines technology adoption across firms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The findings show that access to complementary inputs - managerial capacity, skilled labor, finance, and good infrastructure - and to international knowledge - through foreign direct investment or exports - is an important correlate of technology adoption. The link between market incentives and technology adoption is more nuanced. Although consumer pressure results in technology adoption, competitor pressure does not, suggesting that only firms with rents are able to adopt technology given substantial resource constraints. Privatized firms exhibit better technology adoption outcomes but only when a clear private owner with a profit incentive is present. Better governance is associated with technology adoption only in the countries that joined the European Union in 2004. Future increases in technology adoption by firms in the region will require complementary reforms of the investment climate.E-Business,Technology Industry,ICT Policy and Strategies,Microfinance,